Global marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Worldwide showcasing - Essay Example Each remote market or nation will show certain novel political, social and monetary conditions, alongside various clients’ base, contenders, imminent representatives, and so on, and so on. These particular viewpoints will offer ascent to numerous open doors just as difficulties, which many guide just as square the firms’ achievement. These unmistakable viewpoints will be noticeable in numerous nations including the Asian nation of India and therefore, those perspectives could go about as a preferred position just as a test for the associations entering it especially Telstra, who is intending to enter it with ideal showcasing procedures. Among the numerous offices, which establish an association, the promoting department’s job is ubiquitous and essential, as it can just lift an association through different methodologies. With each association needing to grow their scope and make an engraving in different markets, there will be ideal open doors for it, to begin that development drive. Along these lines, whenever the association has enough chances, it can set targets and define different procedures to accomplish those objectives and in this way beat off the contenders. Each organization’s endurance and achievement in the light of firm rivalry depends on the accomplishment of its principle or lead item. It is the ‘key’ that opens the entryway of accomplishment or benefit. For an association to get by in a serious market, and to expand its benefits in an ideal way, its items must be advertised ideally. The advertising office needed to invest an additional push to plan systems to come to the cu stomer’s minds. Thus, this paper will examine the showcasing procedures, Australian organization Telstra should actualize in India, in the event that it needs Telstra cell phones or handsets to have a fruitful dispatch. Telstra, broadcast communications and media organization, was in the past heavily influenced by

Understanding AP US History Essay Topics

Understanding AP US History Essay TopicsA US history essay is a good introduction to the study of America and the effects of history. It can help students get an idea of the world they live in. It can be used as an introductory course, as a study guide for other courses or as a kind of pre-examination test. Students often spend time during the first semester of high school preparing for it.There are many types of topics in the AP US History essay. They include country specific topics that might include native people or the common people of a certain location or a specific era in history. General topics are also part of the standard practice.If you are writing a US history essay it is important to study the country's history carefully. You can take advantage of the nation's American history museums to see the country's unique characteristics. There are other ways to get a feel for the country as a whole. Conducting research on the country's various historical figures can help your stu dent understand the contributions that they have made to the society. This can help them understand the nature of America and how it came into being.Of course, there is also no one to guide students and help them learn at an academic level. This is why having a good understanding of the country and its past can be a great help. But if a student has little or no knowledge of the country, it can be difficult to compose a good essay.The best way to learn how to write an essay from a US perspective is to read the different topics written by other authors. They can give students an idea of what to write about and the questions that they should ask themselves. Even more important is to read through several of the different essays that have been previously written.Students can also ask experts about certain aspects of the United States. There are scholars and professionals who can give good advice about the subject. They can help students get to know their country's past.Many schools have teams of writers who specialize in the area of US history. They are responsible for writing college level essays. These people will generally have plenty of experience in writing academic essays and can make a student's life easier in the process. Not all writing is good writing, but students can become more confident when they know how to approach it.Students should also have more confidence when writing. A sense of confidence will allow them to learn more about the topic and how to write the best essay possible. This is the type of confidence that many students need to help them complete their degree in history.

Considering The Present

Getting my first condo 3. Having my two excellent little girls 4. Turning into the Head Cake Decorator on my Job 5. Coming back to class Each of these encounters has amazingly affected my life somehow. Moving on from secondary school was a serious deal for me just as my family. I was the first of my grandma's grandchildren to move on from secondary school. In the wake of moving on from secondary school I tried sincerely and paid to lease my first apartment.Having my own space and turning out to be autonomous was something I have constantly needed in light of the fact that I needed to share everything growing up. I have two wonderful girls whom have transformed myself generally advantageous. Before hosting the young ladies I was a gathering creature. They have eased back me down and caused me to acknowledge what Is Important throughout everyday life. I have constantly preferred to plan things growing up. Turning into a head cake decorator has permitted me to show my innovativeness and accommodate my family, Last, however not least returning back to class to facilitate my instruction has been an objective that I have consistently bet to accomplish.Obtaining my degree from Gifford will assist me with providing a far and away superior way of life for my little girls. At the point when I moved on from secondary school, I was so pleased with myself. I achieved something that none of my grandmas grandchildren had ever done. Getting my own loft showed me how to be a resilient person. I tried sincerely and kept up my own space which some youngsters at 19 years old couldn't do. Having my children was the best thing that at any point transpired. It showed me how to cherish unequivocally and genuinely.I felt extraordinary that I had my very own home to bring them up in. Turning out to be head cake decorator was an objective that I achieved that was extremely unforeseen. I was the reinforcement cake decorator. At the point when the head decorator accepted a more lucrative P osition she named me to take her space which was an incredible achievement. Returning back to class has been perhaps the greatest dream and I am overpowered with satisfaction on how well I am doing subsequent to being out of school for more than ten years. In my five star I got done with a B I incredible for and pleased to be an understudy at Gifford college. Thinking about The Present In youth and for the duration of our lives we live, we love, and we learn. These learning encounters can be either positive or negative and they can rapidly be overlooked or can remain with us until the end of time. All through my lifetime I have experienced a considerable amount of both positive and negative encounters. It is through these encounters that I have become the lady I am today. Two of these positive encounters that I have experienced throughout my life that have had the biggest impact in the lady I am today are; the introduction of my first child and getting perfect and sober.Both of these encounters accompanied an assortment of blended feelings at the outset however at long last were fulfilling. I can at present recall the day the specialists disclosed to me I was pregnant. That prompt feeling of dread gulped down me and time appeared to stop. It was not until two or after three months that I understood there was no changing the circumstance and that I expected to make its absolute best. Discovering I was pregnant begun as a startling encounter in any case was one of the best and compensating encounters I have ever endured.After the dread settled somewhat I had the option to truly begin contemplating my life and what I expected to change. As of recently at the specialists I was living step by step doing what I expected to accomplish for me and nobody else. I had no activity, I was living with my folks and my lone wellspring of fervor originated from the neighborhood taverns late around evening time. I realized things expected to change and I set out set for roll out that improvement occur. Alone and apprehensive I had the option to bite the bullet and approach my family for help and the direction to recover my life on target before this child entered our world.All through my pregnancy I realized I adored my unborn child more than I have ever cherished anything in this world. I realized that my life was not, at this point mine fairly it was my chil d and I’s and that I should have been the absolute best parent I could be. Despite the fact that I couldn't get a genuine line of work I was keeping an eye on other relatives and acquiring my own cash. I had the option to purchase nearly everything that was required for my unborn child completely all alone. Two months before I was because of conceive an offspring I at long last got my own condo. I was beginning to feel like my own individual and I was not all that terrified anymore.Kaidon Douglas Bishop entered this world on July 26th, 2005. It is a day that I will always remember. That quick sentiment of unlimited love overpowered me. This young man had changed my life perpetually and without precedent for my life I had a feeling that I accomplished something right and I had motivation to live the correct way. I picked this experience to talk about first since I trust it has had the most significant effect on my life and the individual I am today. Discovering I was pregnant was a tremendous eye opener and motivator.There has been no other involvement with my life that has made me as cheerful and fulfilled as this one. The second experience I have decided to talk about is my excursion through fixation and into collectedness. This is one more experience that has had an enduring impact on my life. At about the age of 16 I experienced some harsh occasions and as opposed to manage all the sentiments and feelings that accompanied those challenges I went to medications to cover those emotions. Things immediately raised and in just a couple of brief months my life was turned totally upside down.My chronic drug use was the main thing in my life that made a difference and I couldn't have cared less about anything aside from my next high and where it was coming from. The ages of 16 through 21 were by a wide margin the most noticeably terrible long periods of my life. My dependence on sedatives was running my life. All through the five years of my compulsion I com pleted a few stretches all through County correctional facilities, State penitentiaries and recoveries. At the point when I was not in one of those spots I was destitute, bobbing around from tranquilize house to sedate house when I could and dozing on the boulevards when I had no other option.My last absolute bottom was the point at which my own family had totally closed me out of their lives. It was now I realized that something needed to change and I expected to find support. I didn't have anything and no one and it was a forlorn time for me. I started making calls to substance misuse programs all over New York State trusting and imploring that someone would need to help. I was at long last acknowledged into a suboxone program for sedative fixation and by and by had somebody on my side. Gradually I had the option to totally get off from the heroin and torment executioners and recover some feeling of control.I comprehend that this seems like a negative encounter yet I have picked i t as one of the more huge encounters throughout my life in light of the fact that the result was so certain and fulfilling and right up 'til today influences my regular daily existence and choices. When I was perfect and my family saw my improvement I was acknowledged back in to open arms and a pontoon heap of help. I question profoundly I would have ever had the option to beat this compulsion and recover my existence without the assistance of my family. This experience not just showed me t he estimation of family however that determination and endeavoring to get something you truly need pays off.

Types Of Derivatives Traded Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1354 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Critical essay Did you like this example? OTC derivatives are contracts which are privately negotiated and traded directly between two parties. Trade takes place excluding exchange and other intermediaries. Being largely unregulated when it comes to disclosure of information, the OTC derivatives market is the largest market for derivatives. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Types Of Derivatives Traded Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Products such as swaps and forward rate agreements are examples. Given that trades happen in private, recording of OTC figures is difficult and this can be clearly noted from the Bank for International Settlement (BIS) figures. The total outstanding estimated amount is $684 trillion (as of June 2008). Of this total notional amount, 67% are interest rate contracts, 8% are credit default swaps (CDS), 9% are foreign exchange contracts, 2% are commodity contracts, 1% are equity contracts, and 12% are other. ETD contracts act as an intermediary to all related transactions. These derivatives are traded with the use of specialized derivatives exchanges. According to BIS, the combined turnover in the worlds derivatives exchanges totalled USD 344 trillion during Q4 2005. These publicly traded derivatives are distinctive from other derivatives even though they are derived from other financial instruments. Thus, even though these publicly traded derivatives are underlying, they can still be considered as distinctive because they provide to investors the access to risk, or reward, and volatility characteristics. Derivative Classes There are three major classes of derivatives: Futures/Forwards Contracts to buy or sell an asset on or before a future date at todays price. While a future contract is a standardised contract written by a clearing house that operates an exchange where the contract can be bought and sold, a forward contract is a non-standardised contract written by the parties themselves. Options Contracts that give the owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) an asset. The price at which the sale takes place is known as the strike price, and is specified at the time the parties enter into the option, normally for Europe the maturity date. Swaps Contracts to exchange cash on or before a specified future date based on the underlying value of the asset. More complex derivatives can be created by combining the elements of these basic types. For example, the holder of a swaption has the right, but not the obligati on, to enter into a swap on or before a specified future date. The underlying asset can vary amongst the following: Interest rate derivatives Foreign exchange derivatives Credit derivatives Equity derivatives Commodity derivatives Uses of Derivative Instruments Derivatives are used to: Cause a large difference in the value of the derivative when a small movement occur in the value of the underlying asset. This is done because derivatives provide to investors leverage and gearing. Make a profit if the value of the underlying asset moves the way the investor expected it would. This is done through speculative instruments. Hedge or mitigate risk in the underlying, and this is done by entering into a derivative contract whose value moves in the opposite direction to their underlying position and cancels part or all of it out. Obtain exposure to the underlying asset where it is not possible to trade in the underlying asset itself (example weather derivatives) Create optionality where the value of the derivative is linked to a specific condition or event (example the underlying reaching a specific price level) From the cases relating to fraud being analysed under question, it was noted that the derivatives mostly used were tho se relating to hedge risks and those used for speculation. For this reason, more information is listed hereunder on the two. Hedging is a technique that attempts to reduce risk. With this regard, derivatives can be considered a form of insurance. Derivatives allow risk about the price of the underlying asset to be transferred from one party to another. For example, a grape farmer and a wine maker could sign a futures contract to exchange a specified amount of cash for a specified amount of grapes in the future. Both parties have reduced a future risk: for the grape farmer, the uncertainty of the price, and for the wine maker, the availability of grapes. However, there is still the risk that no grapes will be available because of events unspecified by the contract, like the weather, or that one party will renege on the contract. From another perspective, the farmer reduces the risk that the price of grapes will fall below the price specified in the contract and acquires the ris k that the price of grapes will rise above the price specified in the contract (thereby losing additional income that he could have earned). The wine maker, on the other hand, acquires the risk that the price of grapes will fall below the price specified in the contract (thereby paying more in the future than he otherwise would) and reduces the risk that the price of grapes will rise above the price specified in the contract. With regards to speculation, derivatives can be used to acquire risk, rather than to insure or hedge against risk. Thus, some individuals and institutions will enter into a derivative contract to speculate on the value of the underlying asset, betting that the party seeking insurance will be wrong about the future value of the underlying asset. Speculators will want to be able to buy an asset in the future at a low price according to a derivative contract when the future market price is high, or to sell an asset in the future at a high price according to a d erivative contract when the future market price is low. Individuals and institutions may also look for arbitrage opportunities, as when the current buying price of an asset falls below the price specified in a futures contract to sell the asset. Criticisms on Derivatives Large Possible Losses The use of leverage or borrowing can result in large losses when using derivatives. This is because investors would be earning large returns from small movements in the underlying assets price. On the other hand the opposite may be the result if the price of the underlying assets moves against them significantly, causing the investors to lose large amounts. Counter-Party Risk Derivatives, especially swaps, expose investors to counter-party risk. A person wanting a fixed interest rate loan for his business, but finding that banks only offer variable rates may choose to swap payments with another business who wants a variable rate. However, if the second business goes bankrupt or if interest rates increase, the businesses will be adversely affected with possible causes of bankruptcy. Unsuitably high risk for small/inexperienced investors Derivatives pose unsuitably high amounts of risk for small or inexperienced investors. They are also attractive to individual investors because they offer possible high rewards. Speculating in derivatives require the investor to show adequate experience and market knowledge because of the dealings being made with high risks. Large estimated value There is the danger that the use of derivatives could result in losses which the investor wouldnt be able to compensate for because of the large values being estimated. When already in an economic crisis, the possibility of chain reactions increases. A famous investor, Warren Buffett  [1]  referred to derivatives as financial weapons of mass destruction. Distortions being created in the real capital and equity markets when using derivatives might lead to false decisions being taken. Benefits of Derivatives Derivatives facilitate the buying and selling of risk; and many people consider this to have a positive impact on the economic system. However, although when using derivatives someone loses money while someone else gains money, under normal circumstances, trading in derivatives should not adversely affect the economic system. Conclusion It was noted that a major factor leading to the growth of derivatives trading in currencies was the collapse of the Breton Woods agreement in 1971 and the resulting shift from a fixed to a floating exchange rate regime. There were those who argued that when derivatives are employed correctly, derivatives can be used to reduce risk, not increase it. As such, one can conclude that derivatives are only as dangerous as the hands they are placed in.

The Genocide Of The Ottoman Empire Essay - 1493 Words

The term â€Å"genocide† refers to the systematic killing of a group of people because of factors that may include race or religion. The Ottoman Empire is to blame for the Armenia Genocide which took place between 1915 and 1923 and resulted in the deaths of over 1.5 million. Years after, under Adolf Hitler, Germany was to blame for the Holocaust which resulted in the death of over 6 million Jews. Despite both genocides taking place in different countries and during different time periods, both genocides have similarly caused the deaths of millions of innocent people and the leaders of the Ottoman Empire as well as Germany used humiliation, torture and propaganda to systematically exterminate people. In 1914, the Ottoman Empire allied with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the same year, religious leaders declared a jihad, a holy war against all Christians. As a result of Armenians organizing to help the Russian army fight against the Ottoman Turks, military leaders declared Armenians as traitors. The government as a result, declared the Armenian people to be removed. Armenians have called the Caucasus region of Eurasia home for over 3,000 years. Armenia was the first country to have Christianity be the official religion of their country. The Kingdom of Armenia was engulfed into the Ottoman Empire, a vastly Islam practicing empire by the 15th century. As a result of Ottoman Rulers historically being Muslim as well as the majority of their subjects, Armenians wereShow MoreRelatedThe Armenian Genocide Committed By The Ottoman Empire1579 Words   |  7 PagesThe Armenian genocide committed by the Ottoman Empire against its minority Armenian population from 1915-1917 left an estimated 1.5 million dead and to date, not one individual has been tried for these egregious crimes. The mass killings of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire in World War I and Jews by the Nazis in World War II shocked the conscience of the international community and led to the creation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), in order t oRead MoreThe Armenian Genocide And The Decline Of The Ottoman Empire1671 Words   |  7 PagesArmenian genocide derived from the decline of the Ottoman Empire towards the end of the 19th century, and was based on land dispute, religion, and ultra-nationalism. â€Å"One of the main factors that led to the Armenian genocide is to be found in the mental conditions and characteristics of Turkish National identity† (AkcÃŒ §am, 2004, 59). The Armenians have claimed their home in the southern Caucasus since 7th Century BCE. Throughout many centuries, the Mongol, Persian, Russian, and Ottoman empires haveRead MoreWas Genocide Committed against the Armenian People in the Ottoman Empire During World War I1597 Words   |  6 PagesWAS GENOCIDE COMMITTED AGAINST THE ARMENIAN PEOPLE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING WORLD WAR I? In some countries, it is highly forbidden to mention the Armenian Genocide, which took place during the First World War with an approximate number of one and a half million Armenians exterminated. Currently around the world, there are still arguments whether genocide took place in the Ottoman Empire, targeting the Armenians. However, Turkey continues to firmly deny the fact that there was genocide, concedingRead MoreArmenian Genocide A Systematic Attack On The Armenian People Or A Means Of Sustaining The Ottoman Empire From Destruction1815 Words   |  8 PagesAn Analysis of the Armenian Question: Was the Armenian Genocide a systematic attack on the Armenian people or a means of sustaining the Ottoman Empire from Destruction? Commencing in April of 1915, the Ottoman government systematically initiated the slaughter of the empires Armenian civilian population. Often referred by historians as the first genocide to occur in the twentieth century, the Armenian Genocide refers to the persecution of the Armenian people, with estimates believing there to haveRead MoreThe Armenian Genocide835 Words   |  3 PagesThe Armenian Genocide The Armenian Genocide is the name given to the events of 1915-1923 in the Ottoman Empire, which was renamed Turkey after its founding father, Mustafa Ataturk. The Muslim majority destroyed the Armenians homes, churches, and livelihoods in a continuous murderous event that took its course over 8 years. An estimated 1 million to 1.5 million Armenians died in this Genocide, and other ethnicities died as well including Greeks and Azerbaijanis who happened to be living in ArmenianRead More The Armenian Genocide Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesThe Armenian Genocide, also known as the Armenian Holocaust, the Great Calamity, and the Armenian Massacre, was the organized killing of nearly 1.5 million Armenians. It occurred in the Ottoman Empire - present-day Turkey - where 2 million Armenians lived. The Armenian Genocide is the second-most studied massacre, after the Nazi Holocaust. Twenty-two countries have officially recognized it as genocide, but the Republic of Turkey rejects the charact erization of the events as genocide. Many ArmeniansRead MoreIt the Mass Murder in Armenia Genocide or Civil War?946 Words   |  4 PagesArmenia be considered a genocide or civil war? On the 24 April 1915, as the Ottoman Empire was being dismantled, a fiercely nationalistic Muslim political party known as the Young Turks began the process of exterminating approximately 1 500 000 Armenian Christians. The Young Turks aimed to create a state that was free from any Armenians and from Christians in particular. The genocide lasted 8 years, until 1923, during which time the Armenian Christian population in the Ottoman Empire was reduced from approximatelyRead MoreGenocides Have Been Going On For Many Years Whether People1127 Words   |  5 Pages Genocides have been going on for many years whether people may want to accept it or not even recognize an event as a genocide, Genocide is a deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. The term Genocide was created by polish attorney and writer Raphael Lemkin, by combining the Greek word â€Å"genos† which means race and the Latin word â€Å"cide† which m eans killing. Which as from now one can see that it’s that a massive killing of a specific race(s)Read Moreember World War II, and the effects it caused around the world, especially to the Jewish People.1500 Words   |  6 Pagesconcentration or work camps to be eventually killed off or worked till they are almost dead. People called it the holocaust, and it was the genocide of the Jewish. Genocide is one of the worst things in the world today, as it injured and killed many people. It is referred to having malicious intent of destroying or hurting a specific group. The word â€Å"Genocide† is derived from the Greek word â€Å"Geno-â€Å"which is Greek for race or tribe, while the Latin word â€Å"-Cide† means killing. This word was createdRead MoreThe Denial of The Armenian Genocide Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesArmenian genocide and the use of the term â€Å"alleged† are insults to those who have agitated over the years in highlighting the geno cide and the Armenian people themselves. The pictorial anger and anguish of this painful traumatic experience had left the survivors of this horrific event with deep scars beyond repairs. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were a dark world for the Armenians who were held helpless and bound at the treacherous hand of the Muslim Turks of the Ottoman Empire in

Childhood Childhood Trauma Results Essay - 2154 Words

Childhood Trauma Results in Criminal Comportment The childhood of an individual can be very crucial in the formation of the child’s character, personality, and future social behavior. The early experiences a child is exposed to may impact the child in a positively or negatively manner. Children exposed to traumatic childhood experiences such as emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; emotion and physical neglect; and household dysfunction such as incarcerated member of the household, domestic violence, and substance abuse; will result in criminal behavior in adolescence and/or adulthood. The Adverse Childhood Experience(ACE) score is a scale which was created to measure the amount of harsh conditions an individual has experienced throughout his or her childhood (Levenson Grady, 2016, p.95). â€Å"It has become a useful and well researched tool for measuring the accumulation of traumatic events related to child maltreatment and family dysfunction† (Levenson Grady, 2016, p.95). â€Å"Items in the ACE score include: emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; witnessing household violence; substance abuse; household mental illness; and having an incarcerated household member†¦physical and emotional neglect and parental separation/divorce† (Fox, Perez, Cass, Baglivio, Epps, 2015, p. 165). However, this paper will solely focus on the three types of abuse, both types of neglect, domestic violence, incarcerated member of household, and substance abuse. Physical Abuse â€Å"Physical abuseShow MoreRelatedChildhood Trauma and Symptoms of Psychological Disorders Essay examples1567 Words   |  7 Pagesalready been done to try to find the answer to the question, does childhood trauma cause and effect the symptoms of patients with psychological disorders such as Schizophrenia and Psychosis, or can the trauma cause a patient to have Schizophrenia or Psychosis. Many case studies’ findings state that there is a link. Some studies say only certain symptoms are affected. I want to know what symptoms are affected and what kind of childhood trauma could have possibly affected the symptoms of patients who haveRead MoreEgo Resilience As A Protective Factor1242 Words   |  5 PagesEgo-Resilience as a Protective Factor Between Childhood Trauma Psychopathology Jace Pincock University of Utah Introduction Clinical research reveals that psychological trauma during childhood increases the likelihood of developing psychological or functional disorders in adulthood. However, a significant percentages of adults with a history of trauma remain psychologically healthy. These individuals have been described as resilient. Resilience is the ability of human beings toRead MoreChildhood Trauma and the Impact of Adulthood1381 Words   |  6 Pagestheir childhood(s). Lenore C. Terr (January, 1999) states, Childhood trauma appears to be a critical etiological factor in the development of a number of serious disorders both in childhood and in adulthood. To better understand childhood trauma, Terr defines this as, the mental result of one sudden, external or a series of blows, rendering the young person temporarily helpless and breaking past ordinary coping and defense operations (January, 1999). The statistics of childhood trauma is alarmingRead MoreChildhood Trauma And The Personality Disorders Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Trauma affects more than twenty-five percent of children in America every year (NCMHP, 2012). This astounding statistic implies that multitudes of individuals are now dealing with the chronic results that these traumas induce, one reoccurring result being personality disorder. The purpose of this paper is to find the connections between the severity of childhood trauma and the personality disorders that can come from it. The purpose of this paper is to find the connections between the severityRead MoreHow Trauma Affects Coping : A Brazilian Study Of Twenty One Female Bipolar Patients1712 Words   |  7 PagesHow Trauma Affects Coping A Brazilian study of thirty-one female Bipolar patients, using the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and Brief COPE, investigated the effect trauma had on coping and bipolar disorder. Of the participants, 80% of reported during childhood they had experienced emotional abuse, 68% reported physical abuse, 63% reported physical neglect. Emotional neglect was reported in 43% of individuals, 27% reported sexual abuse. (Daruy-Filho, Brietzke, Kluwe-SchiavonRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On A Person s Life Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagescorrelated with the abuse of substances later in life. Trauma may include the child enduring any type of abuse, or neglect and a breakage in bonds with others to cause negative emotions that predominantly lead to posttraumatic stress disorder. The fist point to be viewed is how trauma endured at a young age impacts a child, which then leads to PTSD and statistical data providing differences between gender and drugs alo ng with the prevalence between childhood abuse victim’s verses non-child abuse individualsRead MoreEffects Of Early Childhood Trauma On Relationships1656 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Early Childhood Trauma on Relationships Over 25% of children in the United States will witness or experience a traumatic event before they turn four. Early childhood trauma is the experience of an event by a child that is emotionally painful or distressful. Consequently, exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with a wide range of psychosocial and developmental impairments. Nilsson, Holmqvist, Jonson (2011) conducted a study that found trauma related experiences (particularlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Traumatic Events On Infants And Young Children1320 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years the research regarding trauma has shifted from adults to children. In the past, the impact of traumatic events on infants and young children has been passed over when in reality early childhood is the stage when a child is most vulnerable to the effects of trauma (Perry et. al., 1995). There are numerous interventions for early childhood trauma that focus on the child and the child’s primary caregiver. I wanted to des ign an intervention that will be able to go beyond the home environmentRead MoreChildhood Trauma And Depression In Adulthood1708 Words   |  7 Pages Childhood trauma and Depression in Adulthood Misha StMichael Intro to Psychology Paul Rabideau October 13, 2017 Research Article Childhood Trauma and Its Relation to Chronic Depression in Adulthood by the University of Kassel, Psychoanalytic Psychology,shows that childhood trauma is significantly involved in the development of depression. The aim of a study by Sigmund Freud institute, â€Å"was to examine the prevalence of retrospectively recalled childhood trauma in chronically depressed patientsRead MoreChildhood Trauma Can Have A Significant Impact On The Behaviour1460 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood trauma can have a significant impact on the behaviour of an individual. Previous research has shown how trauma causes behavioral problems and can also result in mental disorders in the person. Studies conducted by Gabriele et al. (2002) and Sara et al. (2013) show how incidences of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are widespread in patients with bipolar disorder. Gabriele et al. (2002) conducted the research to find out the impact of adverse childhood events, mainly physical and

Human Embro Cloning Essay Example For Students

Human Embro Cloning Essay The specific objective of this major essay is to clarify and summarise the controversial debate concerning the ethical decency of embryonic cloning for therapeutic purposes. This is the form of cloning that is supposedly beneficial to a barrage of medical applications. We will identify the key opposing ethical perspectives such as those of the justification of embryonic research based on the normative theory of consequentialism. This paper will also probe into the relatively brief history of the debate while gauging the particular stumbling blocks of disagreement which bioethicists have arrived at. The topical aspects of therapeutic cloning will be closely studied by weighing the pros and cons and gaining a greater understanding of the present scenario. Formally speaking, embryonic cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will all have the same genetic information. Some more extreme forms of Embryonic or Therapeutic cloning involve the deliberate creation of an identical twin to be destroyed before implantation in order to make replacement tissues. However, these identical twins are usually only six day old embryos, a minuscule collection of cells without a nervous system. Therapeutically, the notion of cloning is medically significant because cloned individuals at the embryonic stage share the same immune characteristics as each other (Harris 26). The possibility of cloning an individual at the embryo stage allows one clone to be used as a cell tissue and organ bank for the other. Embryonic cloning has a history of significant developments and discoveries that have occurred only in the past ten or twenty years. In the nineteen eighties and early nineteen nineties, sophisticated foetal and embryological research was banned by the United States Reagan and Bush administrations due to pressure from pro-life factions of the Republican party. However, these regulations against research into the controversial field were relaxed considerably with the inception of the more pro-choice Clinton administration. In October 1994, Robert J. Stillman shocked the world with the news of his successful cloning of seventeen flawed human embryos at George Washington Medical Center (Dyson Harris 276) in the United States. Events such as this have continued to spark furious debate over the past few years. In December 1998, Professor Lee Bo-Yeon of Korea created and killed the first human clone, much to the dismay of numerous pressure groups. In July this year, scientists of the United Kingdom began to publicly exploit a loophole in the Governments ruling of the rejection of spare-part cloning research. The loophole allows the researchers to continue with experiments by importing stem cells from cloned embryos which have been created and destroyed in another country. There is a rather surprising amount of medical benefits arising from therapeutic cloning research which have to be weighed before we assess where the debate is currently at. Doctors lay well founded expectations that by being able to study the multiple embryos developed through cloning, the causes of disastrous spontaneous abortions can be determined and much human loss can be averted. A greatly viable application lies in the field of clinical contraceptives. Leading contraceptive specialists perceive that if they can determine the manner in which an embryo knows where to implant itself, a contraceptive can be developed which will prevent embryos from implanting in the uterine wall. An additionally important branch of therapeutic cloning research is embryonic stem cell development. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can evolve into almost any type of cell (Lord 28) within the human body. These cells are not attacked by a persons immune system because of their rapid maturation and undifferentiated status. .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 , .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .postImageUrl , .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 , .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2:hover , .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2:visited , .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2:active { border:0!important; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2:active , .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2 .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1755733abf804f115161d5b02b34aec2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Flight 93 EssayMany doctors have reason to believe that these stem cells could be used to replace damaged cell tissue in adult humans with brain and nervous system damage. Because of the large amount of cells needed, human embryo cloning will aid the eventual implantation of those cells significantly. Cancer investigation is probably the most crucial reason for research into therapeutic cloning. Oncologists believe that embryonic study will advance the understanding of the rapid cell growth of cancer. Cancer cells develop at roughly the same extraordinary speed as embryonic cells. By studying the embryonic cell growth, scientists may be able to determine how to stop it and, in turn, also stop cancer growth. Genetic embryo screenings is a branch of cloning research which is already becoming increasingly effective and precise within hospitals in England. Parents who have a history of genetically inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis can now use an embryo screening to determine if their child has received the faulty gene. The more medically questionable use of cloned embryos is for spare parts. By freezing cloned embryos, it is possible to later thaw and implant one into the uterine wall for the development of an identical child. This foetus would then be able to provide any organs or bone marrow transplants to save the life of the original child without the necessity of being carried to a nine months full term. This last application definitely begins to raise the question of what moral status an embryo should have, if any at all. The paramount controversy lies in the distinct disagreement as to whether we can classify human embryos as people; or more precisely human beings. One of the larger problems in this debate is an equal lack of knowledge on both sides. If one says the word embryo, people conceive an image of an extremely small baby. Heads, arms and eyes are usually imagined; this is completely incorrect. As mentioned previously, the embryo appears as a tiny bowl of cells when seen with the naked eye. The cells have not begun to change yet, there is no nervous system. On the other hand, after a development period of precisely fourteen days the formation of the nervous system, including the brain, is begun via the closure of the neural tube. This process is complete after the eighteenth day of development. The debate here lies within the question of whether embryonic cells, even before the fourteenth day, deserve the same moral standing as fully developed persons. As is the case with the abortion debate, we are trying to define where life begins by using different paradigms which clash rather violently; scientific versus religious, anthropocentric versus ecocentric and political versus the masses. Pressure groups against therapeutic cloning take insignificant events and sensationalise them in order to sway the argument. An array of people now maintain that cloning can inadvertently kill the clone; this originated from the incident that a cow cloned with DNA from an adult cell may have died because of errors in its DNAs genetic reprogramming. Small details and incidents within the therapeutic cloning lead to startling accusations and supposed factual estimates. There is a barrage of groups and sectors of the global community that constantly share their drastic ethical perspectives on the therapeutic cloning debate. The religious community vigorously opposes all human cloning procedures. The doctrines of such religions as Catholicism, Judaism and Buddhism firmly believe in the notion of the human soul. It is the inner spiritual self which is believed to be born from the very first second of conception. Mostly all religions believe that the act of murder is incorrect; not only destroying another human being, but his or her soul. Cloning research involves killing embryos which, to these religions, means the murder of a soul. To the religious community, cloning in itself is a violation of natural processes which should not be interfered with because they are made possible by a supreme being. .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e , .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .postImageUrl , .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e , .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e:hover , .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e:visited , .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e:active { border:0!important; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e:active , .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua8b45ad342448e1cc9e45f8041e9203e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE CITY WHICH IS INSIDE YOU EssayThe scientific community is divided on the ethical implications of cloning research. One hundred bioethicists, scientists and legal scholars in America have signed a statement declaring therapeutic cloning as unethical and scientifically unnecessary (Nicholls 1). But many biologists believe that further embryonic research will be based on the normative theory of consequentialism. This theory allows for the actions of research to be taken in accordance with the desirable goal of human satisfaction, happiness or pleasure; the greatest good for the greatest number. (Preston 41). In conclusion, we can clearly see that significant steps must be taken to allow for the divergent communities of the world to reach common ground on the topic of embryonic cloning research. There are a few guidelines and regulations for cloning research which have been layed out by some governments but they are not sufficiently effective to stop the actions that, to many, seem unethical and even grotesque. Limitations which are put in place by governments can only apply to government funded experiments; currently there are no laws prohibiting any of the above procedures in privately funded research settings. At the present stage, the debate may continue and the controversies may prosper, but human embryo cloning will go on in any manner as long as no worldwide bans exist. Thoroughly continuing the review of both popular and academic literature may lead the developed nations to gain a proficient understanding of the realistic positive and negative possibilities of therapeutic cloning in the near future. This will, in time, generate the global legislations giving much needed ethical and humane boundaries to a field which is yet to be conquered.